Cyclical approach in culturology
The cyclic approach was sought not only to analyze the dynamics of culture in general; He turned to the experts who examine some specific culture. Long waves in the economy or “big cycles conditions” began to be analyzed by economists in the middle of the XIX century, including British scientists X. Clark Art. Jevons. In 1860-ies. Marx developed a theory of cyclical crises from which the study of long waves Marxist scholars persuasion: A. Gelfand Russian, Dutch and J. van Helderena S. de Wolff. The same number should be called our compatriot ND Kondratieff, the author of the theory of “long will”. Among his closest followers Austrian economist Schumpeter, and scholars such as S. Smith, R. and A. Klaynkneht, J. Van Dine and others.
Actively used concept wave cycle analysis approach to political development. Stable interest in cycles and waves of political development characterized mainly for representatives approach and areas close to him who are considering the evolution of social and political systems in the broader context of global development and long-time stage F. Braudel and I. Wallerstein, James. Modelski and others. Within the cyclically wave approach examines the history of Russia, held in this perspective of development similar to the development of other countries.
In this respect, we should distinguish phase stable “order”, due to the dominance of various structures and institutions, and phase change (radical change) structures and institutions, where “order” is replaced by “chaos”. And just a phase “order” to ensure the accumulation of resources and creating conditions for further transformation (and complexity) of the entire system, phase “chaos” preparing resources and conditions for new structural and institutional streamlining. Synergistic model may yield the mathematical study of many historical phenomena.
As the great social and cultural systems are layered and meaningful in evolutionary terms, may have a different rhythm and described various cyclic wave model, modern science was needed complication cyclic conceptual schemes. We investigate the combination cycles of unequal size and have a different nature: macrocycles, micro cycle. Increasingly marked interdependence rhythms and cycles and their synchronization across a universal evolution. The use of cyclically wave approach enables a new way to explain the evolution of global history.
Thus, the cyclically wave approach allows for much more variants of social and cultural development than linearly progressive. Statutory schemes of linear progress successfully destroyed research diversity of cultural forms. This fact clearly indicates that the trajectory of culture is not defined and therefore cyclical conception of claims freedom and diversity of ways of culture. Cyclically wave approach has undoubted potential predictor. It can give new impetus to understanding the mechanisms of the dynamics of culture.